The End of the ʻAikapu System in Hawaiʻi Kamehameha II Kaʻahumanu and the 1819 Transformation
How Kamehameha II, Kaʻahumanu and Keōpūolani ended Hawaiʻi’s ʻAikapu system in 1819, why the Battle of Kuamoʻo followed, and why missionaries were not the cause of the abolition.