Activity

Italian Immigration to the United States: Ellis Island, Work, Discrimination, and the American Dream

Between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, millions of Italians left their homeland for the United States. They arrived from villages, farms, towns, and cities across Italy, but a large share came from the poorer southern regions and Sicily. Many expected to earn money and eventually return home. Others brought families, created permanent communities, […]

Arsalan

March 11, 2021September 2, 2026

Personal

How COVID-19 Changed Education: School Closures, Online Learning, Learning Loss, and Lasting Lessons

The COVID-19 pandemic caused the largest global education disruption in modern history. At the height of the crisis, schools and universities closed across more than 190 countries, affecting more than 1.6 billion learners. Classes moved online with little preparation, exams were changed or canceled, practical training was interrupted, and millions of students lost regular access […]

Arsalan

May 26, 2022September 2, 2026

Education

Alienation vs. Anomie: Marx, Durkheim, Differences, Similarities, and Modern Examples

Alienation and anomie are two classic sociological concepts used to explain what can go wrong when individuals become disconnected from meaningful social life. They are often grouped together because both address problems associated with modern society, industrialization, economic change, and weakened relationships between people and social institutions. But they are not interchangeable. Karl Marx’s theory […]

Arsalan

November 17, 2021September 2, 2026

English

Global North and Global South: What the Divide Means Today

The terms Global North and Global South are widely used to describe unequal patterns of wealth, political influence, technology, finance, trade, and development across the world. They can be useful shorthand, but they are not literal geographic categories and they should not be treated as two fixed, homogeneous “communities.” Countries usually associated with the Global […]

Arsalan

March 11, 2021September 2, 2026

Art

The Conference of the Birds: Valley of Detachment Explained

In Farid ud-Din Attar’s The Conference of the Birds, the Valley of Detachment is the fourth stage in a symbolic journey toward the Simorgh. By this point, the travelers have already crossed the Valleys of Quest, Love, and Knowledge. They now face a different challenge: letting go of the worldly attachments, fixed identities, expectations, ambitions, […]

Arsalan

May 26, 2022September 2, 2026

English

What Is Food Fortification? Types, Examples, Benefits, Safety, and Public Health

Food fortification is the deliberate addition of vitamins or minerals to foods or condiments to improve their nutritional quality and provide a public-health benefit. Familiar examples include iodine added to salt, iron and folic acid added to flour, vitamin A added to some edible oils, and selected micronutrients added to rice or other staple foods. […]

Arsalan

November 16, 2021September 2, 2026

Food